Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup version 0.35-a0-883-g2bf1e9f634 (webtiles) character file. Game seed: 16180232712471811915 33481 deskoch the Severer (level 13, -11/125 HPs) Began as a Mountain Dwarf Fighter on Aug 26, 2026. Was a High Priest of Okawaru. Mangled by a hog (14 damage) ... led by Kirke ... on level 12 of the Dungeon. The game lasted 00:41:00 (17243 turns). deskoch the Severer (Mountain Dwarf Fighter) Turns: 17243, Time: 00:41:00 Health: -11/125 AC: 0 Str: 22 XL: 13 Next: 37% Magic: 16/16 EV: 12 Int: 11 God: Okawaru [*****.] Gold: 600 SH: 0 Dex: 9 Spells: 12/12 levels left rFire . . . (100%) a - melded +0 war axe rCold . . . (100%) o - melded +0 kite shield {rC+} rNeg . . . (100%) e - melded +0 plate armour rPois . (100%) m - melded +1 hat {Stlth+} rElec . (100%) u - melded scarf {Repulsion} rCorr . (100%) r - melded +0 pair of gloves SInv . i - melded +1 pair of boots Will +.... (no amulet) Stlth + l - melded +5 ring of evasion HPRegen 0.40/turn t - melded +5 ring of evasion MPRegen 0.15/turn %: no passive effects @: confused, mighty, pig-form, ambrosia-drunk, slowed, studying 2 skills, slow A: very fast, weak attacks, no casting, small, runic magic, artefact enchanting a: Renounce Religion (0%), Heroism (0%), Finesse (24%), Duel (63%) You were on level 12 of the Dungeon. You worshipped Okawaru. Okawaru was extremely pleased with you. You were a filthy swine. You visited 3 branches of the dungeon, and saw 15 of its levels. You also visited: Sewer and Ice Cave. You collected 872 gold pieces. You spent 272 gold pieces at shops. Inventory: Hand Weapons a - a +0 war axe (melded) b - a +0 sling f - a +2 hand axe of flaming Missiles c - 47 poisoned darts (quivered) g - 4 darts of disjunction k - 5 boomerangs p - 4 datura-tipped darts x - 2 silver javelins Armour d - the +0 buckler of Insurance {^Contam rF- rC+ Regen+ Stlth+} (You found it in an ice cave) ^Contam: It causes magical contamination when unequipped. rF-: It makes you vulnerable to fire. rC+: It protects you from cold. Regen+: It increases your rate of health regeneration. Stlth+: It makes you more stealthy. It can be maximally enchanted to +3. e - a +0 plate armour (melded) h - a +1 ring mail of cold resistance i - a +1 pair of boots (melded) j - a +2 buckler m - a +1 hat of stealth (melded) o - a +0 kite shield of cold resistance (melded) q - a +3 ring mail r - a +0 pair of gloves (melded) s - +0 steam dragon scales u - a scarf of repulsion (melded) v - a +0 troll leather armour Jewellery l - a +5 ring of evasion (melded) t - a +5 ring of evasion (melded) w - a ring of poison resistance Wands b - a wand of light (9) a - a wand of flame (13) p - a wand of polymorph (4) Scrolls V - 3 scrolls of vulnerability N - 2 scrolls of noise e - a scroll of torment {unknown} c - a scroll of fog {unknown} h - 2 scrolls of enchant weapon {unknown} I - 4 scrolls of immolation l - a scroll of silence {unknown} d - 2 scrolls of poison {unknown} m - 2 scrolls of teleportation {unknown} q - 2 scrolls of brand weapon {unknown} u - a scroll of butterflies {unknown} a - 5 scrolls of enchant armour y - a scroll of acquirement {unknown} r - 2 scrolls of revelation Potions f - a potion of moonshine j - 2 potions of brilliance {unknown} A - 2 potions of attraction k - a potion of resistance {unknown} g - 4 potions of magic e - 2 potions of enlightenment n - a potion of mutation {unknown} Miscellaneous g - a +0 phial of floods Skills: + Level 14.4 Fighting - Level 16.1 Axes - Level 2.0 Throwing - Level 10.0 Armour + Level 12.1 Shields + Level 4.4 Invocations - Level 2.0 Evocations You had 12 spell levels left. You didn't know any spells. Your spell library contained the following spells: Spells Type Power Damage Failure Level Magic Dart Conj 0% 1d3 34% 1 Construct Spike Launche Frge 0% 2d3 47% 2 Ensorcelled Hibernation Hex/Ice 0% N/A 47% 2 Grave Claw Necr 0% 2d7 47% 2 Searing Ray Conj 0% 2d4 47% 2 Sublimation of Blood Necr 0% N/A 47% 2 Hailstorm Conj/Ice 0% 3d5 71% 3 Inner Flame Hex/Fire 0% N/A 71% 3 Swiftness Air 0% N/A 71% 3 Teleport Other Tloc 0% N/A 71% 3 Vampiric Draining Necr 0% 2d6 71% 3 Fulminant Prism Conj/Alch 0% 3d5 98% 4 Olgreb's Toxic Radiance Alch 0% N/A 98% 4 Alistair's Intoxication Alch 0% N/A 100% 5 Borgnjor's Vile Clutch Necr/Erth 0% N/A 100% 5 Yara's Violent Unravell Hex/Alch 0% 3d3 100% 5 Eringya's Noxious Bog Alch 0% 4d6 100% 6 Permafrost Eruption Ice/Erth 0% 2x4d1 100% 6 Soul Splinter Necr Unusable N/A N/A 1 Launch Clockwork Bee Frge Unusable N/A N/A 3 Summon Ice Beast Ice/Summ Unusable N/A N/A 3 Animate Dead Necr Unusable N/A N/A 4 Martyr's Knell Necr/Summ Unusable N/A N/A 4 Alistair's Walking Alem Alch/Frge Unusable N/A N/A 5 Dungeon Overview and Level Annotations Branches: Dungeon (12/15) Temple (1/1) D:5 Lair (2/5) D:9 Orc (0/2) D:9 Sewer (visited) IceCv (visited) Swamp: Lair:2-3 Shoals: Lair:2-3 Snake: Lair:2-3 Spider: Lair:2-3 The Realm of Zot is guarded by orbs of winter. Altars: Ashenzari Cheibriados Dithmenos Elyvilon Fedhas Gozag Hepliaklqana Kikubaaqudgha Makhleb Nemelex Xobeh Okawaru Qazlal Ru Sif Muna Trog Uskayaw Vehumet Wu Jian Xom Yredelemnul Zin The Shining One Shops: D:11 [ Annotations: D:9 treasure needs digging D:12 Kirke, Sonja Innate Abilities, Weirdness & Mutations You are a filthy swine. You cover ground very quickly. Your unarmed attacks are very weak. You cannot cast spells. You are incapable of wielding weapons or throwing items. Your auxiliary armour is melded. Your spellcasting is much less encumbered by armour. You can use scrolls of enchantment on lesser artefacts. Message History You slash Kirke! Kirke is almost dead. You slash the cyclops! You barely miss the hog. You slice the hog!! You kill the hog! Okawaru accepts your kill. The hog completely misses you. Kirke gestures at you while chanting. You turn into a filthy swine. Your +0 war axe, +1 pair of boots, +1 hat of stealth, +5 ring of evasion, +0 kite shield of cold resistance, +0 plate armour, +0 pair of gloves, scarf of repulsion and +5 ring of evasion meld into your body. You feel less stealthy. You feel less resistant to cold. The haze of the repulsion field disappears. The hog misses you. The cyclops hits you!! The hog closely misses you. You encounter an ogre. The hog bites you! Okay, then. Unknown command. Okay, then. Unknown command. Okay, then. Unknown command. You are mighty. You are a filthy swine. You are slowed. You are studying Staves and Necromancy. Your movement speed is slow. Your attack delay is about 1.1. Your damage rating with unarmed combat is about 11 (Base [7 + 0 (UC)] x 130% (Str) x 124% (Fight)). Unknown command. Unknown command. The ogre shouts! The hog attacks as it pursues you! The hog bites you! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The cyclops hits you!! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * Okay, then. Okay, then. You are confused. You feel invigorated. Sonja mumbles some strange words. Sonja blinks! The hog bites you! * * * LOW HITPOINT WARNING * * * The hog bites you! You die... ################################# ................................. ................................# ................................# ....#...# #...a................# ....#...# #..)@a...............# ........# #..TaCK...O..........# ........####..)a.#####'#......... .).........C.....#.....#......... .....C.TW†)).....#.....#......... ......############.....#.......## ###†###................#.......# .....#..........##.....#.......# .....'..........##.....#.......# You could see Kirke, 2 cyclopes, a troll, 3 hogs, Sonja and an ogre and were aware of an invisible shadowghast (remembered). Vanquished Creatures Gastronok (D:8) A ghost moth (D:12) 3 centaur warriors A two-headed ogre (D:10) A tengu warrior (D:8) A deep elf pyromancer (D:12) A necromancer (IceCv) Sprozz (D:7) 2 wolf spiders (Lair:1) 2 ugly things A manticore (D:11) 2 cyclopes (D:12) An ice statue (IceCv) 2 cane toads (Lair:1) 2 gargoyles (D:11) 3 unseen horrors 3 komodo dragons 6 freezing wraiths (IceCv) 12 ice devils (IceCv) 3 trolls 2 hornets (D:9) Prince Ribbit (D:5) A dire elephant simulacrum (IceCv) A hydra simulacrum (IceCv) 2 anaconda simulacra (IceCv) A centaur simulacrum (D:11) A wyvern (D:10) 2 wraiths 6 death yak simulacra Goji (D:12) 24 yaks 2 hogs (D:12) A basilisk (Lair:1) 2 steam dragons 3 vampire mosquitoes (D:12) Menkaure (D:7) Edmund (D:6) An acid dragon (D:8) 9 water moccasins A kobold geomancer (D:9) 4 orc warriors An ice beast (D:6) A black bear (Lair:1) 4 elephant simulacra 9 wolves (Lair:1) An ogre (D:6) 8 centaurs A phantom (D:4) 4 cane toad simulacra (IceCv) 6 kobold brigands 2 brain worms (Sewer) 7 bullfrogs 4 scorpions 2 rock fish (D:10) 8 wights (D:8) 2 polar bear simulacra A bes kemwar (D:6) 7 killer bees (D:9) 6 howler monkeys A spriggan simulacrum (IceCv) 4 crimson imps (D:11) A bombardier beetle (D:6) 2 hounds A jelly (D:4) 5 orc priests A gnoll bouda (D:9) 2 naga simulacra (IceCv) 5 clockroaches 4 iguanas 2 sleepcaps 10 orc wizards 7 wolf simulacra (IceCv) 10 adders 12 gnolls 2 river rats (Sewer) 2 white imps 5 ufetubi 6 dart slugs 29 orcs 5 ribbon worms 9 endoplasms 2 hobgoblins 2 jackals (Sewer) 8 quokkas 6 ball pythons 6 bats 6 frilled lizards 9 goblins 34 kobolds 8 rats 396 creatures vanquished. Vanquished Creatures (others) A bullfrog (Lair:1) 1 creature vanquished. Grand Total: 397 creatures vanquished Notes Turn | Place | Note -------+----------+------------------------------------------- 0 | D:1 | deskoch the Mountain Dwarf Fighter began the quest for the | Orb. 0 | D:1 | Reached XP level 1. HP: 19/19 MP: 1/1 294 | D:1 | Reached XP level 2. HP: 26/26 MP: 2/2 1083 | D:2 | Reached skill level 3 in Axes 1352 | D:3 | Found a glowing drain. 1369 | D:3 | Reached XP level 3. HP: 33/33 MP: 3/3 1386 | D:3 | Reached XP level 4. HP: 40/40 MP: 4/4 1388 | Sewer | Entered a sewer 1391 | Sewer | Encountered a kobold brigand 1400 | Sewer | Reached skill level 4 in Axes 1408 | Sewer | Killed a kobold brigand 1409 | Sewer | Reached XP level 5. HP: 18/46 MP: 5/5 1671 | Sewer | Reached skill level 5 in Axes 1799 | Sewer | Reached XP level 6. HP: 38/52 MP: 3/6 3398 | D:4 | Reached skill level 6 in Axes 4003 | D:4 | Reached skill level 5 in Armour 4003 | D:4 | Reached XP level 7. HP: 58/60 MP: 7/7 4246 | D:4 | Reached skill level 7 in Axes 4468 | D:5 | Entered Level 5 of the Dungeon 4708 | D:5 | Encountered Prince Ribbit 4726 | D:5 | Killed Prince Ribbit 4727 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Fighting 4727 | D:5 | Reached skill level 8 in Axes 4727 | D:5 | Reached skill level 5 in Shields 4787 | D:5 | Reached XP level 8. HP: 63/68 MP: 8/8 4825 | D:5 | Found a snail-covered altar of Cheibriados. 5122 | D:5 | Found a statue of an orb of winter. 5126 | D:5 | Found a staircase to the Ecumenical Temple. 5128 | D:5 | Found a statue of an orb of winter. 5134 | Temple | Entered the Ecumenical Temple 5155 | Temple | Became a worshipper of Warmaster Okawaru 5530 | D:6 | Encountered Edmund 5564 | D:6 | Killed Edmund 6123 | D:6 | Reached skill level 16 in Axes 6123 | D:6 | Reached XP level 9. HP: 74/74 MP: 9/9 6850 | D:7 | Encountered Menkaure 6854 | D:7 | Killed Menkaure 6855 | D:7 | Reached skill level 1 in Throwing 6896 | D:7 | Reached * piety under Okawaru 7143 | D:7 | Encountered Sprozz 7159 | D:7 | Killed Sprozz 7161 | D:7 | Got Sprozz's Vellum of the Masterwork 7670 | D:8 | Reached XP level 10. HP: 80/84 MP: 10/10 7703 | D:8 | Reached skill level 1 in Invocations 7877 | D:8 | Encountered Gastronok 7911 | D:8 | Killed Gastronok 7911 | D:8 | Reached ** piety under Okawaru 8368 | D:8 | Encountered a centaur warrior 8382 | D:8 | Killed a centaur warrior 8453 | D:8 | Encountered a tengu warrior 8466 | D:8 | Killed a tengu warrior 8669 | D:8 | Encountered a centaur warrior 8676 | D:8 | Killed a centaur warrior 8676 | D:8 | Reached *** piety under Okawaru 8759 | D:9 | Reached XP level 11. HP: 85/95 MP: 12/12 8998 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Lair. 9146 | D:9 | Found a staircase to the Orcish Mines. 9325 | D:9 | Found a shimmering blue altar of Sif Muna. 9331 | D:9 | Found a sparkling altar of Nemelex Xobeh. 9333 | D:9 | Found a basalt altar of Yredelemnul. 9333 | D:9 | Found a white marble altar of Elyvilon. 9339 | D:9 | Found a broken altar of Ashenzari. 9810 | D:9 | Reached skill level 10 in Fighting 9965 | Lair:1 | Entered Level 1 of the Lair of Beasts 9970 | Lair:1 | Reached **** piety under Okawaru 10150 | Lair:1 | Found a frozen archway. 10181 | IceCv | Entered an ice cave 10648 | IceCv | Reached skill level 1 in Evocations 10993 | IceCv | Identified the wellspring talisman "Othron Orit" {-Tele | rElec rPois Int+3} 11031 | IceCv | Found an ancient bone altar of Kikubaaqudgha. 11051 | IceCv | HP: 7/153 [ice devil (7)] 11065 | IceCv | Reached XP level 12. HP: 19/110 MP: 11/14 12432 | IceCv | Reached ***** piety under Okawaru 12496 | IceCv | Got the +0 buckler of Insurance {^Contam rF- rC+ Regen+ | Stlth+} 12722 | IceCv | Reached skill level 10 in Shields 13850 | Lair:2 | Encountered a six-headed hydra 13930 | D:10 | Entered Level 10 of the Dungeon 14080 | D:10 | Encountered a two-headed ogre 14088 | D:10 | Killed a two-headed ogre 14206 | D:10 | Found a sacrificial altar of Ru. 14729 | D:11 | Reached skill level 10 in Armour 15130 | D:11 | Reached XP level 13. HP: 104/122 MP: 16/16 15179 | D:11 | Found a shimmering altar of Xom. 15278 | D:11 | Found Ibbo's Antique Armour Boutique. 15282 | D:11 | Bought a glowing scarf for 272 gold pieces 16511 | D:12 | Received a gift from Okawaru 16931 | D:12 | Encountered Goji 16951 | D:12 | Killed Goji 16955 | D:12 | Killed a ghost moth 17222 | D:12 | Encountered Kirke 17227 | D:12 | Encountered Sonja 17243 | D:12 | HP: 3/125 [hog[Kirke] (14)] 17243 | D:12 | Mangled by a hog Illustrated notes Levels and vault maps discovered: D:1: dpeg_arrival_three_smaller_balls, layout_rooms D:2: layout_loops_ring, grunt_ministairs_10, kennysheep_nondescript D:3: minmay_chambers_of_twos, layout_basic, portal_sewer_entry_f D:4: layout_loops_corners D:5: layout_loops_ring, nicolae_cheibriados_dopplering, minmay_temple_entry_overgrown, uniq_prince_ribbit1 D:6: layout_basic, uniq_edmund D:7: layout_basic, supply_closet_lemuel, uniq_menkaure, uniq_sprozz D:8: layout_gridville, kb_rosetta, uniq_gastronok D:9: layout_loops_corners, nicolae_overflow_hallway_of_the_gods, due_lair_maze_entry_diamond, orc_0_dummy, minivault_21 D:10: layout_roguey, nicolae_ru_the_path_less_chosen D:11: minmay_inner_zag, layout_stronghold, serial_shops, nicolae_shop_pleasant_corner_grove, moated_statue, led_xom_imps D:12: nzn_winding_woodlands_medium [nzn_winding_woodlands_5x5_cross, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x15_garden, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x5_garden, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x5_crossed_zero, nzn_winding_woodlands_center_lodge, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x5_default, nzn_winding_woodlands_hourglass, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x15_pool, nzn_winding_woodlands_5x5_open_star], layout_stronghold, st_stairs_6, uniq_goji, uniq_sonja, uniq_kirke Temple: regret_index_temple_waves Lair:1: layout_big_grid, portal_ice_cave_entry_ice_simulacra, nicolae_lair_run_with_the_wolves, wander_river, infiniplex_staircase_pool_2 Lair:2: layout_loops_ring, nicolae_spider_entry_non_spiders, st_stairs_6 Skill XL: | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | ---------------+----------------------------------------+----- Axes | 3 4 5 6 8 16 | 16.1 Armour | 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | 10.0 Fighting | 4 5 6 8 11 13 14 | 14.4 Shields | 4 5 6 7 9 11 12 | 12.1 Throwing | 1 2 | 2.0 Invocations | 2 4 | 4.4 Evocations | 1 2 | 2.0 Action | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ---------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Attack: Normal | 82 | 207 | 244 | 1042 | 214 || 1789 Melee: War axe | 88 | 241 | 270 | 1173 | 295 || 2067 Fire: Sling | 7 | 10 | | | || 17 Throw: Dart | | | 15 | 63 | 1 || 79 Boomerang | | | | 27 | 4 || 31 Invoke: Heroism | | | 1 | 9 | || 10 Finesse | | | | 3 | || 3 Evoke: Wand of flame | | | 3 | 6 | || 9 Drink: Might | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 || 6 Experience | | | 1 | | || 1 Curing | | | 1 | 3 | || 4 Heal wounds | | | | 2 | || 2 Haste | | | | 2 | || 2 Berserk rage | | | | 1 | || 1 Lignification | | | | 1 | || 1 Ambrosia | | | | | 1 || 1 Read: Identify | | | 6 | 5 | || 11 Immolation | | | 1 | | || 1 Noise | | | 1 | | || 1 Enchant armour | | | 1 | | || 1 Vulnerability | | | 1 | | || 1 Armour: Scale mail | 69 | | | | || 69 Plate armour | 23 | 196 | 165 | 308 | 189 || 881 Ring mail | | | | 180 | || 180 None | | | | 11 | 6 || 17 Dodge: Dodged | 26 | 33 | 36 | 289 | 118 || 502 Repelled | | | | | 4 || 4 Block: Buckler | 9 | | 12 | 142 | || 163 Kite shield | 21 | 91 | 78 | 189 | 122 || 501 Table legend: (Time is in decaauts) A = Elapsed time spent in this place. B = Non-inter-level travel time spent in this place. C = Inter-level travel time spent in this place. D = Time resting spent in this place. E = Time spent auto-exploring this place. F = Levels seen in this place. G = Mean time per level. A B C D E F G +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Total | 17259 | 16702 | 557 | 1386 | 11427 | 17 | 1015.2 | Dungeon | 12318 | 11890 | 428 | 0 | 9388 | 12 | 1026.5 | Temple | 43 | 3 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 43.0 | Lair | 1072 | 983 | 89 | 0 | 575 | 2 | 536.0 | Sewer | 1033 | 1033 | 0 | 83 | 697 | 1 | 1033.0 | Ice Cave | 2791 | 2791 | 0 | 1303 | 766 | 1 | 2791.0 | +--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+-----+--------+ Top non-repeatable levels by time: IceCv: 2791 daAuts D:11: 1649 daAuts D:3: 1202 daAuts D:6: 1200 daAuts D:4: 1179 daAuts D:9: 1174 daAuts D:8: 1131 daAuts Sewer: 1033 daAuts D:5: 1016 daAuts Lair:1: 957 daAuts D:12: 850 daAuts D:7: 841 daAuts D:2: 796 daAuts D:10: 740 daAuts D:1: 534 daAuts DLua errors: Table legend: A = God B = Rank C = Start time D = Start piety E = Piety gained F = Piety on gifts G = Piety on penance H = Piety on stepdowns I = Piety wasted at max piety J = Piety decays K = Piety lost (inc. decay) A B C D E F G H I J K +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Okawaru | 0 | 54493 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 1 | 71887 | 30 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 Okawaru | 0 | 74475 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 Okawaru | 1 | 74475 | 30 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 Okawaru | 2 | 81751 | 50 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 Okawaru | 3 | 89255 | 75 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 Okawaru | 4 | 101427 | 100 | 38 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 18 Okawaru | 5 | 125533 | 120 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 Okawaru | 4 | 127987 | 116 | 29 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 | 0 | 18 Okawaru | 5 | 148098 | 120 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 +-----------------+---+---------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Conducts for god: Okawaru Piety from conduct Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 24 | 133 | 22 || 178 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 3 | 40 | 2 || 45 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | 0 || 24 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 || 5 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Conduct count Conduct | 1- 3 | 4- 6 | 7- 9 | 10-12 | 13-15 || total ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++------- Kill Living | 0 | 0 | 27 | 131 | 39 || 197 Kill Undead | 0 | 0 | 2 | 46 | 4 || 52 Kill Demon | 0 | 0 | 1 | 19 | 0 || 20 Kill Nonliving | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 || 3 ----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------++-------